-
1 particular
adj.1 particular (especial).tiene su sabor particular it has its own particular tasteen casos particulares puede hacerse una excepción we can make an exception in special casesen particular in particulareso no tiene nada de particular that's nothing special o unusuallo que tiene de particular es… the unusual thing about it is…2 private (privado).dar clases particulares to teach private classesdomicilio particular home addressf. & m.1 member of the public (person).2 individual, citizen, civilian, private citizen.3 matter, point.m.matter (asunto).sin otro particular, se despide atentamente yours faithfully (en carta) (British), sincerely yours (United States)* * *► adjetivo1 (concreto) particular2 (privado) private3 (privativo) peculiar, particular, special4 (extraordinario) noteworthy, extraordinary1 (individuo) private individual2 (asunto) matter, subject\en particular in particular, particularlyno tener nada de particular (no ser nada especial) to be nothing special 2 (no ser nada extraño) to be completely normalsin otro particular, le saluda... Yours sincerely,...* * *1. adj.1) particular2) private3) special, peculiar2. noun m.* * *1. ADJ1) (=especial) speciallo que tiene de particular es que... — what's remarkable about it is that...
2) (=específico)me gustan todas, pero esta en particular — I like all of them, but this one in particular
3) (=privado) [secretario, coche] private2.SM (=asunto) mattersin otro particular, se despide atentamente... — [en correspondencia] yours faithfully, sincerely yours (EEUU)
3.SMF (=persona) (private) individual* * *Ib) ( específico) <caso/aspecto> particularrasgos que les son particulares — characteristics (which are) peculiar o unique to them
en particular — in particular, particularly
c) ( especial)tiene un estilo muy particular — she has a very individual o personal style
es un tipo muy particular — (fam) he's a very peculiar guy
IIno tiene nada de particular que vaya — there's nothing unusual o strange in her going
a) (frml) ( asunto) matter, pointsin otro particular le saluda — sincerely yours (AmE), yours faithfully (BrE)
b) ( persona) (private) individualde particular — (RPl) out of uniform
* * *Ib) ( específico) <caso/aspecto> particularrasgos que les son particulares — characteristics (which are) peculiar o unique to them
en particular — in particular, particularly
c) ( especial)tiene un estilo muy particular — she has a very individual o personal style
es un tipo muy particular — (fam) he's a very peculiar guy
IIno tiene nada de particular que vaya — there's nothing unusual o strange in her going
a) (frml) ( asunto) matter, pointsin otro particular le saluda — sincerely yours (AmE), yours faithfully (BrE)
b) ( persona) (private) individualde particular — (RPl) out of uniform
* * *particular11 = private individual, private citizen.Ex: Special pricing policies introduced recently by several international publishers have resulted in libraries having to pay more than private individuals for books.
Ex: Except for civil laws, and the individual right of the private citizen etc., the king is bound to public law, constitutional law and divine law.particular22 = specified, particular.Ex: If access is limited to certain specified times, the term 'off-line' is applied.
Ex: It is possible to identify an item uniquely within a particular institution or agency by a running accession number.* algo en particular = that certain something.* casa particular = private home.* de lo general a lo particular = from the general to the particular.* de lo particular a lo general = from the particular to the general.* en particular = in particular.* no hacer nada de particular = do + nothing in particular.* particular a = peculiar to.* particular a un área = localised [localized, -USA].* ser muy particular = be picky.* * *en su domicilio particular at his home2 (específico) ‹característica/aspecto› particularen el caso particular de García in García's particular casela especie presenta ciertos rasgos que le son particulares the species has certain characteristics which are peculiar o unique to iten particular in particular, particularly3(especial, diferente): tiene un estilo muy particular she has a very individual o personal style, she has a style all of her ownno tiene nada de particular que quiera ir there's nothing unusual o strange in her wanting to gola casa no tiene nada de particular there's nothing special about the houseconocemos su opinión sobre este particular we know your opinion on this matter o point2 (persona) (private) individualviajar como particular to travel on private o personal businessde particular ( AmL); out of uniform* * *
particular adjetivo
‹ teléfono› home ( before n)
no tiene nada de particular que vaya there's nothing unusual o strange in her going;
la casa no tiene nada de particular there's nothing special about the house
■ sustantivo masculino
◊ viajar como particular to travel on private o personal business
particular
I adjetivo
1 (peculiar, característico) special
2 (concreto, singular) particular
3 (privado) private, personal
4 (raro, extraordinario) peculiar
II sustantivo masculino
1 (persona) private individual
2 (asunto, tema) subject, matter
♦ Locuciones: de particular, special, extraordinary: ¿qué tiene de particular que vengan a visitarme?, what's so special about them coming to visit me?
en particular, in special
' particular' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ceñirse
- chofer
- chófer
- concreta
- concreto
- determinada
- determinado
- frasear
- permitirse
- profesor
- profesora
- alojar
- baño
- bueno
- cada
- clase
- cuál
- domicilio
- escritorio
- especial
- gentilicio
- parte
- peculiar
- puntilloso
- salón
- vestíbulo
English:
coach
- especially
- in
- individual
- lazy
- locker
- particular
- potter
- private
- separate
- special
- tutor
- able
- can
- certain
- detail
- disability
- distinct
- distinctive
- file
- home
- hour
- knowledge
- language
- lodger
- management
- notably
- peculiar
- perk
- personal
- play
- power
- school
- single
- some
- specific
- syllabus
- trade
- trouble
- -wise
* * *♦ adj1. [especial] particular;tiene su sabor particular it has its own particular taste;en casos particulares puede hacerse una excepción we can make an exception in special cases;es una persona muy particular she's a very unusual person;eso no tiene nada de particular that's nothing special o unusual;lo que tiene de particular es… the unusual thing about it is…;en particular in particular2. [privado] private;se vieron en su domicilio particular they met at his private residence;dar clases particulares to teach privately;domicilio particular home address;♦ nmf[persona] member of the public; Amde particular [de paisano] [policía] in plain clothes;[soldado] in civilian clothes; [soldado] he was in o wearing civilian clothes♦ nm[asunto] matter;¿cuál es tu opinión sobre el particular? what's your opinion on this (matter)?;te llamaba sin otro particular que preguntarte por la operación de tu madre I was just calling to ask about your mother's operation;sin otro particular, se despide atentamente [en carta] Br yours faithfully, US sincerely yours* * *I adj2 ( específico) particular;caso particular particular case;en particular in particular3 ( especial) peculiarII m1 ( persona) individual2:particulares pl particulars3:sin otro particular se despide atentamente sincerely yours, Br yours faithfully4:sobre el particular on the subject* * *particular adj1) : particular, specific2) : private, personal3) : special, uniqueparticular nm1) : matter, detail2) : individual* * *particular adj1. (privado) private2. (concreto) particular / specific3. (característico) particular / characteristic4. (peculiar) individual / personal5. (original) unusual -
2 जातिः _jātiḥ
जातिः f. [जन्-क्तिन्]1 Birth, production, सङ्कुलं जल- जातिभिः Rām.3.11.6; Pt.1.38; Ms.2.148; also 'the time of birth'; cf. जातौ बाल्ये च कौमारे यौवने चापि मानवाः Mb.12.158.11.-2 The form of existence fixed by birth.-3 Race, family, lineage, rank.-4 A caste, tribe or class (of men); अरे मूढ जात्या चेदवध्यो$हं एषा सा जातिः परित्यक्ता Ve.3; (the primary castes of the Hindus are only four:-- ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य and शूद्र).-5 A class, genus, kind, species; पशुजातिः, पुष्पजातिः &c.-6 The properties which are peculiar to a class and distinguish it from all others, the essential characteristics of a species; as गोत्व, अश्वत्व of cows, horses &c; see गुण, क्रिया and द्रव्य; जातिक्रियागुणैः Śi.2.47; and cf. K. P.2.-7 A fire-place.-8 Nutmeg.-9 The Jasmine plant or its flower; नागपुन्नागजातिभिः Bhāg.8.2.18; पुष्पाणां प्रकरः स्मितेन रचितो नो कुन्दजात्यादिभिः Amaru.4 (written also as जाती in the last two senses).-1 (In Nyāya) Futile answer.-11 (In music) The seven primary notes of the Indian gamut; जातिभिः सप्तभिर्युक्तं तन्त्रीलयसमन्वितम् Rām.1.4.8.-12 Reduction of fractions to a common denominator.-13 False generalization.-14 A figure of speech (in rhetoric) which consists in so arranging words that they may read the same in Sanskṛit as well as in Prākṛita (संस्कृतप्राकृतयोः समा जातिः); cf. Vb.1.3.-15 A class of metres; see App.-Comp. -अन्ध a. born blind; Bh.1.9.-कोशः, -षः, -षम् nutmeg.-कोशी, -षी the outer skin of the nutmeg.-क्षयः (= जन्मोच्छेदः) the end of birth, spiritual release. जातिक्षयस्यासुलभस्य बोद्धा Bu. Ch.1.74.-गृद्धिः f. to take birth; जातिगृद्धयाभिपन्नाः Mb.5.6.9.-जानपद a. belonging to the castes and to the country; जातिजानपदान् धर्मान् Ms.8.41.-धर्मः 1 the duties of a caste.-2 a generic property.-ध्वंसः loss of caste or its privileges.-पत्री the outer skin of the nutmeg.-फलम् (sometimes जातीफलम् also) a nutmeg; जातीफलं मातुलानीमहिफेनं च पत्रकम् Śiva. B.3.15.-ब्राह्मणः a Brāhmaṇa only by birth, but not by knowledge or religious austerities, an ignorant Brāh- maṇa; (तपः श्रुतं च योनिश्च त्रयं ब्राह्मण्यकारणम् । तपःश्रुताभ्यां यो हीनो जातिब्राह्मण एव सः ॥ --शब्दार्थचिन्तामणि)-भ्रंशः loss of caste; Ms.11.67.-भ्रष्ट a. outcaste.-महः birth-day festival.-मात्रम् 1 'mere birth', position in life obtained by mere birth.-2 caste only (but not the performance of duties pertaining to it); Ms.8.2; 12.114.-3 species, genus.-लक्षणम् generic distinc- tion, a characteristic of a class.-वाचक a. expressing a genus, generic (as a word); गौरश्वः पुरुषो हस्ती.-वैरम् instinctive or natural hostility.-वैरिन् m. a born enemy.-वैलक्षण्यम् inconsistency, incompatibility in kind.-शब्दः a name conveying the idea of a genus, a generic word, common noun; गौः, अश्वः, पुरुषः, हस्ती &c.-संकरः admixture of castes; mixed blood.-संपन्न a. belonging to a noble family.-सारम् nutmeg.-स्मर a. remembering one's condition in a former life; जातिस्मरो मुनिरस्मि जात्या K.355.-स्वभावः generic character or nature.-हीन a. of low birth, outcaste; रूपद्रव्यविहीनांश्च जातिहीनांश्च नाक्षिपेत् Ms.4.141;1.35. -
3 τε
τε, enclitic Particle, with two main uses (v. infr. A, B).A as a Conjunction,I τε.. τε, both.. and, joining single words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, the first τε merely pointing forward to the second,ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il.1.544
;ἀγαθῶν τε κακῶν τε Hes.Op. 669
;δίψῃ τε λιμῷ τε A.Pers. 491
, cf. S.Aj.34,35, Ar.Ach. 370, 375;τήν τε νῆσον τήν τε ἤπειρον Th.4.8
, cf. Antipho 2.3.3, Pl. R. 373b;λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα, φέρων τ' ἀπερείσι' ἄποινα Il.1.13
; παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν Φοίβῳ θ' ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ib. 443; the elements joined by τε.. τε are usu. short in Hom., longer in later Gr., e.g.ἐπειδὴ πρόξενοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εὐεργέται.., ἔν τε τῇ στήλῃ γέγραπται IG12.103.7
;ἥ τε γὰρ γῆ.. εὔυδρός ἐστι, ποταμοί τε δι' αὐτῆς ῥέουσι Hdt.4.47
; χρὴ.. τούς τε πρεσβυτέρους ὁμοιωθῆναι τοῖς πρὶν ἔργοις, τούς τε νεωτέρους.. μὴ αἰσχῦναι κτλ. Th.4.92, cf. Pl.R. 474c, X.Cyr.1.4.25, Is.1.50; τά τε γὰρ ληφθέντα πάντ' ἂν σῴζοιτο οἵ τ' ἀδικήσαντες κατ' ἀξίαν λάβοιεν τὰ ἐπιτίμια Aen. Tact.16.8, cf. Gp.2.49.1, 12.3.2-3;τούτου γὰρ γενομένου.. τά τε ἐχφόρια Χρυσέρμῳ δυνήσομαι ἀποδοῦναι, ἐγώ τε ἔσομαι παρὰ σοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τετευχώς PEnteux.60.11
(iii B.C.);κλείειν τε τὰ βλέφαρα δεομένων ἐλπιζόντων τε κοιμηθήσεσθαι Gal.16.494
, cf. 495,501; this use is common at all times in οὔτε.. οὔτε, μήτε.. μήτε, εἴτε.. εἴτε (qq.v.); τε may be used three or more times,ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τ' ἔφατ' ἔκ τ' ὀνόμαζεν Od.15.530
, cf. Il.1.177, 2.58, A.Pr. 89sq., B.17.19sq., Lys. 19.17, X.Cyr.3.3.36:— ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε prob. means the eleventh or twelfth, Od.2.374, 4.588:—sts. τε.. τε couples alternatives, , cf. Heracl. 153, El. 391; hence we find τε.. ἢ.., Pl.Tht. 143c, Ion 535d; on ἢ (or ἦ) .. τε in Il.2.289 and A.Eu. 524 (lyr.) v. ἦ 1.3.2 the first clause may be negative, the second affirmative, asἐκκλησίαν τε οὐκ ἐποίει.., τήν τε πόλιν ἐφύλασσε Th.2.22
; but οὔτε.. τε is more freq., asοὔτε ποσίν εἰμι ταχύς.., γιγνώσκω τε X.Cyr.2.3.6
(v.οὔτε 11.4
); we also find οὐ.. τε.. , asοὐχ ἡσύχαζον.., παρεκάλουν τε τοὺς ξυμμάχους Th.1.67
; and μὴ.. τε.. , as ἵνα μή τι διαφύγῃ ἡμᾶς, εἴ τέ τι βούλει κτλ. Pl.Phd. 95e.a τε.. δὲ.. , asκόμισαί τέ με, δὸς δέ μοι ἵππους Il.5.359
, cf. 7.418, S.OC 367, Tr. 285, E.Ph. 1625;ἐσθὰς ἀμφότερόν νιν ἔχεν, ἅ τε.. ἐπιχώριος.., ἀμφὶ δὲ παρδαλέᾳ στέγετο Pi.P.4.80
;διήκουέ τε.., ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐπῄνεσε X.Cyr.4.4.3
; so with ἅμα δὲ καὶ.., ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ.., Th.1.25, Pl.Smp. 186e:—so τε.., ἀτὰρ οὖν καὶ.., Id.Hp.Ma. 295e.bμὲν.. τε.., ἄνδρα μὲν.., τρεῖς τε κασιγνήτους Il.19.291
-3, cf. Od.22.475-6, Pi.O.6.88, 7.88, A.Th. 924, Ch. 585 (lyr.), S.Ant. 963 (lyr.), E.Heracl. 337 codd., Cyc.41 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 563(lyr.), Pl.Phdr. 266c, Lg. 927b: v. μέν A. 11.6c.4 a single τε ( and) joins a word, phrase, or (esp. later) clause or sentence to what precedes,τελευτὴν κεφαλήν τε Pl.Ti. 69a
; θνητὰ ἀθάνατά τε ib.c;Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοί Il.6.476
; ; ῥίγησέν τ' ἂρ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων v.l. for δ' ἂρ in 11.254; ἕν τε οὐδὲν κατέστη ἴαμα.., σῶμά τε αὔταρκες ὂν οὐδὲν διεφάνη.., Th.2.51; τά τε ἱερὰ.. νεκρῶν πλέα ἦν.. ib.52; νόμοι τε πάντες ξυνεταράχθησαν ibid.; , cf. 253, 262, al.;εἴς τε τὰς ἄλλας.. ἀθροίζεσθαι Aen.Tact.3.5
; τῶν τε ἀρχόντων.. ib.6, cf. 10.8, al.;ὅ τε γραφεὶς κύκλος.. Archim.Spir.11
Def.7;πρός τε τούτοις φησὶν.. PEnteux.63.18
(iii B.C.);χωρίς τε τούτων Plb.2.56.13
, 61.1, 3.17.7;ταῦτά τ' ἐγίνετο.. Id.2.43.6
, cf. 3.70.4;ἀπαιτούμενός τε ὑπ' ἐμοῦ τὰ ἔρια οὐκ ἀποδίδωσί PEnteux.2.6
, cf. 8.4, al. (iii B.C.); γράψαι Ἀγαθοκλεῖ τῷ ἐπιστάτῃ διασαφῆσαί τε αὐτῷ ib.81.21 (iii B.C.);καθόλου τε.. Arr.Epict.1.19.13
, cf. 2.2.17; , cf. 24, al.;ὄξει βαφικῷ στυπτηρίᾳ τε PHolm. 1.4
, cf. Gem.16.6;χρὴ.. λαχάνων ἅπτεσθαι, κοιλίαν τε λύειν Gp.1.12.19
, cf. 2.2.2, al.; this τε may be used any number of times, Od.4.149- 150, 14.75, 158-9, Men.Pk.15,16,20, Hipparch.1.9.8, Act.Ap.2.43,46, 4.13, 14, al.II τε.. καὶ.. , or τε καὶ.. , both.. and.., where τε points forward to καί, and usu. need not be translated, e.g. ; εἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς ib.61; δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην ib. 293;ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα 7.308
, cf. 327, 338, al.;τῆς τε γῆς ἐούσης ἐπιτηδέης καὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ἐόντων σφι συμμάχων Hdt.4.47
;βούλεταί τε καὶ ἐπίσταται Th.2.35
;ὁ φύς τε καὶ τραφείς Pl.R. 396c
;βάσιν τε γὰρ πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχουσι τὴν ΖΒ καὶ.. Euc.1.47
; sts. the elements joined by τε.. καὶ.. are joined in order to be compared or contrasted rather than simply joined, ; ; ; ἐπαύσατό τε ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο ib. 193;ταὐτὰ.. νῦν τε καὶ τότε Ar.Av. 24
; ; ; sts. (like τε.. τε) even used of alternatives,διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν, ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι Il.8.168
;ἐν δίκᾳ τε καὶ παρὰ δίκαν Pi.O.2.16
;θεοῦ τε.. θέλοντος καὶ μὴ θέλοντος A.Th. 427
;πείσας τε.. καὶ μὴ τυχών Th.3.42
:—on οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ.. , e.g.τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις Isoc.12.249
, and ἄλλως τε καὶ.. , v. ἄλλος 11.6,ἄλλως 1.3
.2 in this sense τ' ἠδέ is only [dialect] Ep.,σκῆπτρόν τ' ἠδὲ θέμιστας Il.9.99
, cf. 1.400, al.; alsoτε.., ἰδέ, χαλκόν τε ἰδὲ λόφον 6.469
, cf. 8.162.3 καὶ.. τε, both.. and.., is occasionally found, as καὶ μητέρα πατέρα τ' E.Alc. 646.b καὶ.. τε perh. means and.. also inκαὶ ναυτικῷ τε ἅμα Th.1.9
;καὶ πρός τε τοὺς Ῥηγίνους Id.6.44
;καὶ αὐτός τε Id.8.68
; v. infr. c. 10.4 τε.. τε or τε.. καὶ.. sts. join elements which are not syntactically parallel, esp. a part. and a finite verb, ἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τ' ἔβαλλον (for βάλλοντες) Il.3.80; ; ;τῆς τε ὥρας.. ταύτης οὔσης.., καὶ τὸ χωρίον.. χαλεπὸν ἦν Id.7.47
, cf. 4.85, 8.81, 95.5 the copulative τε becomes rare in later Gr.; it is found about 340 times in LXX, mostly in the Pentateuch and 1-4 Ma., only 3 times in Ps.; in the NT it is found about 150 times in Act.Ap., 20 times in Ep.Hebr., and very rarely in the other books.B In [dialect] Ep. (more rarely in other dactylic verse, v. infr. 11) τε stands in general or frequentative statements or in statements of what is well known; such statements are freq. made as justifications of a preceding particular statement or of a preceding exhortation to a particular person or persons; the sense of τε thus approaches that of τοι (cf. τοι and τε in Od.2.276-7, and cf. Il.13.115 with 15.203); although associated with numerous particles and other words of particular types (v. infr.) its meaning remains independent of these and applies to the whole sentence in which it stands: ; ;θεοὶ δέ τε πάντα ἴσασιν 4.379
, cf. 5.79, 447, 10.306, 17.485, Il.9.497, 16.688, 17.176, 21.264; , cf. Od.11.537, Il.24.526;ἤ τ' ἔβλητ' ἤ τ' ἔβαλ' ἄλλον 11.410
;οὐ μὲν γάρ τε κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392
;οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν.. ἄλλοτε δὲ.. Il.21.464
; , cf. 8.169, 170, 15.400; τοῦ γάρ τε ξεῖνος μιμνήσκεται ἤματα πάντα, ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ ib.54, cf. 17.322;ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω Il.17.32
;παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω Hes.Op. 218
;αἰεὶ γάρ τε νεώτεροι ἀφραδέουσιν Od. 7.294
; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ' εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων ib. 307;τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντ' ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε Il.13.733
-4; τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη στέρνοισι πατάσσει.., πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετ' ὀδόντων ib. 279-83; ;νέῳ δέ τε πάντ' ἐπέοικεν.. κεῖσθαι 22.71
;κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδε' ὅσ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλει, τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τ' ἄλλοι ἄγουσι, βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας 9.592
-4, cf. 22.492, 495, 499;νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδέν· καὶ γάρ τίς τ' ἀλλοῖον ὀδύρεται ἄνδρ' ὀλέσασα.. ἢ Ὀδυσῆ' Od.19.265
;σχέτλιε, καὶ μέν τίς τε χερείονι πείθεθ' ἑταίρῳ.., αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι 20.45
, cf. 23.118, Il.2.292, 9.632; νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου· καὶ γάρ τ' ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου κτλ. 24.602 (where a general inference is implied);ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες Αἰγαίων' 1.403
, cf. 2.814, 5.306, 10.258, 14.290; sts. of repeated action by particular persons,ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαι Od.4.102
;οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὶ φίλον, ᾧ τε σύ, Κάλχαν, εὐχόμενος.. θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις Il.1.86
; ἡ δὲ.. μ' αἰεὶ.. νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν ib. 521;μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεά, Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα, διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλοσδε 9.410
.2 in exhortations addressed to an individual, a subsidiary sentence or relative clause in which he is reminded of his special or characteristic sphere of activity is marked by τε, e.g.Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι καί τ' ἔκλυες ᾧ κ' ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκ' ἴθι.. Il.24.334
;Ἀτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι.., νῦν δ' ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον.. 23.156
;δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηῢ.., ἥ τε γυναικῶν δμῳάων σκοπός ἐσσι.., ἔρχεο Od. 22.395
, cf. Il.17.249.3 similarly in general and frequentative statements consisting of two clauses (one of which may be a relative clause, freq. containing the subj. or opt.), in which the fulfilment of the condition stated in the subsidiary or subordinate clause is declared to be generally or always followed by the result stated in the principal clause, either or both clauses may contain τε:a the principal clause alone contains τε, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται, μάλα τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ Il.1.218
;ὃς δ' ἂν ἀμύμων αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ, τοῦ μέν τε κλέος εὐρὺ διὰ ξεῖνοι φορέουσι πάντας ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους, πολλοί τέ μιν ἐσθλὸν ἔειπον Od.19.333
;εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται.., βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ' ἰόντι Il.19.165
-6;ᾧ μέν κ' ἀμμείξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος, ἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται ἄλλοτε δ' ἐσθλῷ 24.530
.b the subordinate clause alone contains τε, λάζετο δ' ἔγχος.. τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη 5.747
;ῥεῖα δ' ἀρίγνωτος γόνος ἀνέρος ᾧ τε Κρονίων ὄλβον ἐπικλώση Od.4.207
;ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ Il.9.117
, cf. 7.298, Od.6.287, 7.74, 8.547, 18.276; with opt.,ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος.. ἕλεσκον ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ὅ τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσι 14.221
: it is prob. that τε has been replaced by κε in the text of Hom. in Il.1.218, 9.510 (cf. 508), and some other passages in which κε seems to be used, exceptionally, in general relative clauses.c both clauses contain τε, ὃς μέν τ' αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, τὸν δὲ μέγ' ὤνησαν καί τ' ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο Il.9.508
-9;εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον 1.82
-3.4 in the subordinate clause of a collective sentence, in which the principal clause states something to be true of all those (i.e. each individual) to whom the predicate of the subordinate clause applies,ὑπόσχωμαι.. κτήματα.. πάντα μάλ' ὅσσα τ' Ἀλέξανδρος.. ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδ'.. δωσέμεν Il.22.115
; , cf. Od.18.131, Il.19.105; , cf. 18.485.5 in relative clauses (and in parenthetic principal clauses) which indicate what is customary, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἱερήϊον οὐδὲ βοείην ἀρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν which are the usual prizes.., Il.22.160;ἔργ' ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοί Od.1.338
, cf. 3.435, 4.85, 13.410, 14.226, 17.423, Il.5.332;κύματος ἐξαναδύς, τά τ' ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδε Od.5.438
;μολπή τ' ὀρχηστύς τε, τὰ γάρ τ' ἀναθήματα δαιτός 1.152
: similarly in clauses withοἷά τε (πολλά), κῆτος ἐπισσεύῃ μέγα δαίμων ἐξ ἁλός, οἷά τε πολλὰ τρέφει.. Ἀμφιτρίτη 5.422
;οὐ γάρ σ' οὐδέ.. δαήμονι φωτὶ ἐΐσκω ἄθλων, οἷά τε πολλὰ μετ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται 8.160
, cf. 11.364, 14.63, 15.324, 379.6 in relative clauses indicating what is true of all persons or things denoted by the same word, οὐ γάρ τις νήσων ἱππήλατος οὐδ' εὐλείμων αἵ θ' ἁλὶ κεκλίαται no one of the islands which lie in the sea (as all islands do, i.e. no island at all), Od.4.608;ἡμίονον.. ἥ τ' ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι Il.23.655
;ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσι Od.8.582
;αἰετοῦ οἴματ' ἔχων.. ὅς θ' ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν Il.21.252
, cf. 24.294;οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθ' ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν Od.9.120
;δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται Il.1.238
, cf. Od.5.67, 101, Il.1.279, 19.31, 24.415;οἶνός σε τρώει.., ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτει Od.21.293
, cf. 14.464;πάρφασις, ἥ τ' ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων Il.14.217
;οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα Od.14.223
.7 when the antecedent is a definite group of gods or men, the relative clause with τε indicates an essential characteristic of the antecedent,Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ' ὑπὸ γαῖαν ἀνθρώπους τείνυνται Il.19.259
;Σειρῆνας.., αἵ ῥά τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλγουσιν Od.12.39
;Φαίηκές μ' ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν 16.227
, cf. 20.187; ;Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ' ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσι Od.9.84
: similarly when the antecedent is an individual person (incl. god) or thing, the relative clause with τε indicates one of his or its general or essential characteristics or aspects, , cf. 2.669, Od.5.4;Ἑρμείαο ἕκητι διακτόρου, ὅς ῥά τε πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει 15.319
;Λάμπον καὶ Φαέθονθ', οἵ τ' Ἠῶ πῶλοι ἄγουσι 23.246
;Τειρεσίαο μάντιος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι 10.493
;τεύχεα δύνεις ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι Il.17.203
, cf. 7.112; κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὅν τ' (v.l. ὃν)ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, Αἰνείας 5.467
; the relative clause sts. indicates what is customary,οὐδέ σε λήθω τιμῆς ἧς τέ μ' ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετ' Ἀχαιοῖς 23.649
;ἔνθα δ' ἀνὴρ ἐνίαυε πελώριος, ὅς ῥά τε μῆλα οἶος ποιμαίνεσκε Od.9.187
;τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι.. ὡς ἑνός, ὅς τέ μοι ὕπνον ἀπεχθαίρει καὶ ἐδωδὴν μνωομένῳ 4.105
;σῆς ἀλόχου.. ἥ τέ τοι αὔτως ἧσται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν 13.336
;καὶ κήρυκα Μέδοντα σαώσομεν, ὅς τέ μευ αἰεὶ.. κηδέσκετο 22.357
, cf. 346.8 τε is used in descriptions of particular places or things when attention is called to their peculiar or characteristic features, or their position, e.g.Λιβύην, ἵνα τ' ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσι Od.4.85
; , cf. 9.124, 13.99, 100, 107, 109, 244; ἓξ δέ τέ οἱ (sc. Σκύλλῃ)δειραὶ περιμήκεες 12.90
, cf. 93,99, 105; ἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλή (in Athena's αἰγίς) Il.5.741; χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι (sc. μῶλυ) Od. 10.305; ; sts. τε draws attention to a well-known custom or permanent feature,ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου, ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει 21.142
;ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νῆες εἰρύατ' εὔπρυμνοι Il.4.247
, cf. Od. 6.266;ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τ' ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν Il.18.521
, cf. Od.14.353.9 a part of the anatomy is defined by a clause (containing τε) which indicates a feature which universally belongs to it,κατ' ἰσχίον, ἔνθα τε μηρὸς ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται Il.5.305
, cf. 8.83, 13.547, 16.481, 20.478; similarly a point of time is defined,ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τ' ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται Od.18.367
.10 τε is used in relative clauses which define a measurement of a particular thing or action by reference to the measurement (in general) of some thing or action well known in daily life,γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον μακρὴν ἠδ' εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τ' ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ γίγνεται Il.15.358
; ; , cf. 3.321, al.; more rarely the definition is by reference to the measurement of a particular thing or action, ἤσθιε.. ἕως ὅ τ' ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν (s.v.l.) 17.358;ἥ τις δὴ τέτληκε τόσα φρεσίν, ὅσσα τ' ἐγώ περ 19.347
.11 the freq. use of τε B in similes is to be explained under one or other of the foregoing heads, e.g. when reference is made to generally known kinds of things or natural phenomena, to human experience in daily life, or to well-known phenomena of the animal world, Il.2.456, 459, 463, 468, 470, 471, 474, 481, 3.23-5,33, 11.415-7, al.; or when universal characteristics of gods, men, animals, etc., are indicated by relative clauses introduced by ὅς τε, ὅς ῥά τε, etc., 3.61, 151, 198, al.; or by ὥς τε, ἠΰτε, ὥς τίς τε, etc., e.g. 5.136, 17.133, Od.4.535,ὡς εἴ τε 9.314
, 14.254, etc.II in post-Hom. Gr. this use of τε is more restricted; outside of [dialect] Ep. and other early dactylic verse (Hes.Op.30, 214, 233, al., Xenoph.13.3, Thgn.148, 359, etc.) it is not found except with relatives, and with these it has scarcely any discernible sense, so that ὅς τε in Lyr. and Trag. is for the most part only = ὅς, e.g. (possibly generalizing)Μοῖρ', ἅ τε πατρώϊον τῶνδ' ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμον Pi.O.2.35
, cf. 14.2, A.Eu. 1024, E.Hec. 445 (lyr.), etc. (v. ὅστε); without generalizing force, Pi.N.9.9, A.Pers. 297, Ch. 615, etc.; Hdt. hasτά πέρ τε 1.74
,ὅκως τε 2.108
codd., ὅσον τε (without a verb, as in Od.9.325, al.) 1.126, 2.96, 3.5, al.,οἷά τε 1.93
codd. (adverbially 2.175, 5.11): in [dialect] Att. Prose and Com. even these uses disappear and we find only a few phrases, as ἅτε, ὥστε, ἐφ' ᾧτε, οἷός τε; in later Gr. we find exceptionallyἔνθεν τε Hp.Ep.17
; (ii B.C.);ἀπ' οὗ τε PCair.Zen.291.3
(iii B.C.); (Erythrae, ii B.C.); ἥ τ' PMag.Par.1.2962;ὅσον τε ὀκτὼ στάδια Paus.6.26.1
; καὶ ἔστιν ἔπη Μαντικὰ ὁπόσα τε (= which)ἐπελεξάμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς Id.9.31.5
;οἷόν τε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κύων φωνῆς θεωροῦμεν S.E.M.11.28
.C in Hom. τε is also (but less freq.) used in conjunction with other particles in contexts (mainly particular statements) such as the following:1 in assurances, statements on oath, and threats,σχέτλιος, ἦ τ' ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν Il.18.13
;ἐξ αὖ νῦν ἔφυγες θάνατον, κύον· ἦ τέ τοι ἄγχι ἦλθε κακόν 11.362
; ἦ τε is similarly used in 11.391, 17.171, 236, Od.24.28, 311, al.; ἦ τ' ἄν in Il.12.69, al.; γάρ τε (s. v.l.) inοὐ γάρ τ' οἶδα 6.367
, cf. Od.10.190; νύ τε in 1.60, 347 (but τ' more prob. = τοι, v. σύ) ; δέ τε inἀγορῇ δέ τ' ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι Il.18.106
; ; μέν τε in , cf. 4.341; εἴ πέρ τε inοὔ τοι ἔτι δηρόν γε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης ἔσσεται, οὐδ' εἴ πέρ τε σιδήρεα δέσματ' ἔχῃσιν Od.1.204
, cf. 188, Il.12.223, 245.2 also in commands, warnings, and admonitions,σίγα, μή τίς τ' ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ μῦθον Il.14.90
, cf. Od.19.486; ; τούσδε τ' (v.l. δ')ἐᾶν 16.96
(nisi leg. τούσδ' ἔτ'); δὸς δέ τέ μ' ἄνδρα ἑλεῖν 5.118
; μηδέ τ' ἐρώει (nisi leg. μηδ' ἔτ') 2.179, 22.185.3 also in passionate utterances, in clauses which indicate the cause of the speaker's passion or a circumstance which might have caused others to behave more considerately towards him,ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή.. ἥ τ'.. τὸν μὲν.. θρέψασα.. ἐπιπροέηκα Il.18.55
;σχέτλιοί ἐστε, θεοί, ζηλήμονες ἔξοχον ἄλλων, οἵ τε θεαῖς ἀγάασθε.. ἤν τίς τε.. Od.5.119
, 120, cf. 21.87, Il.15.468, 17.174; ἡμεῖς δ' αὖ μαχόμεσθ', οἵ πέρ τ' ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν and we, who ( mark you) are only allies (not γαμβροί and κασίγνητοι), are fighting, 5.477; τρεῖς γάρ τ' ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοί for we, let me tell you, are three brothers, sons of Cronos (and Zeus has no prior title to power), 15.187;ποῖόν δε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων δεινόν τ' ἀργαλέον τε· νεμεσσῶμαι δέ τ' ἀκούων Od.21.169
; .4 in descriptions of particular events and things where there is no general reference,κνίση μὲν ἀνήνοθεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρμιγξ ἠπύει Od.17.270
; ὥς (= so)τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ὑπερφιάλως δοκέουσιν δαίνυσθαι κατὰ δῶμα 1.227
;τοὺς μέν τ' ἰητροὶ πολυφάρμακοι ἀμφιπένονται.. σὺ δ' ἀμήχανος ἔπλευ, Ἀχιλλεῦ Il.16.28
; πόλιν πέρι δινηθήτην καρπαλίμοισι πόδεσσι, θεοὶ δέ τε πάντες ὁρῶντο dub. l. in 22.166;εὗρε δ' ἐνὶ σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ Θέτιν, ἀμφὶ δέ τ' ἄλλαι εἵαθ' ὁμηγερέες ἅλιαι θεαί 24.83
(s.v.l.);ἐν δέ τε φάρμακον ἧκε Od.10.317
;νῶϊ δέ τ' ἄψορροι κίομεν Il.21.456
;πολλὰς γὰρ δὴ νύκτας.. ἄεσα καί τ' ἀνέμεινα.. Ἠῶ Od.19.342
;δέελον δ' ἐπὶ σῆμά τ' ἔθηκε Il.10.466
;ἐν δέ τε οἶνον κρητῆρσιν κερόωντο Od.20.252
; so with οὐδέ τ' (nisi leg. οὐδ' ἔτ'), τὸν καὶ ὑπέδδεισαν μάκαρες θεοὶ οὐδέ τ' ἔδησαν Il.1.406
;οὐδέ τ' ἔληγε μέγας θεός, ὦρτο δ' ἐπ' αὐτόν 21.248
;οὐδέ τ' ἄειρε 23.730
;οὐδέ τ' ἔασεν 11.437
, 21.596, cf. 15.709.5 ὅτε τε ( when) freq. introduces a temporal clause defining a point of time in the past by means of a well-known event which occurred then, ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε τ' ἐκρέμω ὑψόθεν; Il.15.18;ὅτε τε Κρόνον.. Ζεὺς γαίης νέρθε καθεῖσε 14.203
; (but ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τε is general in 13.335; so also ὅτε πέρ τε.. κέρωνται in 4.259); , cf. 10.286, 22.102, Od.7.323, 18.257.6 in ὅ τε ( that or because) the τε has no observable meaning, , cf. 412, 4.32, 6.126, Od.5.357, al.7 ἐπεί τε = ἐπεί ( when) is rare in Hom.,ἐπεί τ' ἐνόησε Il.12.393
, cf. ἐπείτε.8 where τ' ἄρ occurs in questions, e.g. πῇ τ' ἂρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλον; Il.13.307, cf. 1.8, 18.188, al., ταρ (q.v.) should prob. be read, since ἄρ ([etym.] α) usu. precedes a τε which is not copulative; so perh. ταρα should be read for τ' ἄρα in Od.1.346.9 inἣ θέμις ἐστὶν.. ἤ τ' ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν Il.9.276
, it is not clear whether τε is copulative (τε A) or generalizing (τε B) or neither (τε C); ἤ is prob. = ἦ (accented as in ἤτοι (; ἤ τ' ἀλκῆς ἤ τε φόβοιο is dub. l. in 17.42; ἤ τ' = or is found in 19.148, = than in Od.16.216.10 Rarer and later uses;a also, esp. withἄλλος, Ἑρμεία, σὺ γὰρ αὖτε τά τ' ἄλλα περ ἄγγελός ἐσσι Od.5.29
, cf. 17.273, Il.23.483;ἐπεὶ τά τε ἄλλα πράττουσιν καλῶς, ἀναθεῖναι αὐτοὺς καὶ στήλην IG22.1298.9
, cf. Lycurg.100 (s.v.l.);ἐκομισάμην τὸ παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστόλιον, ἐν ᾧ ὑπέγραψάς μοι τήν τε παρὰ Ζήνωνος πρὸς Ἰεδδοῦν γεγραμμένην PCair.Zen.18.1
(iii B.C.); εἰ οὖν περὶ τούτων ἐπιστροφὴν μὴ ποιήσει, οἵ τε λοιποί μοι τὰς χεῖρας προσοίσουσιν (- σωσιν Pap.) PPetr.2p.10 (iii B.C.);τῶν δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιησόντων τά τε κτήνη ὑπὸ στέρεσιν ἀχθήσεσθαι πρὸς τὰ ἐκφόρια PTeb.27.74
(ii B.C.); v. supr. A. 11.3b.b with ὅδε, adding a slight emphasis to the preceding word,εἰ δὴ τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἀνείρεαι Od.13.238
, cf. 15.484.c τε γάρ rarely = καὶ γάρ or γάρ, Arist.APo. 75b41, de An. 405a4, PA 661b28, Pol. 1318b33, 1333a2; ἐάν τε γάρ for even if, 2 Ep.Cor.10.8; τήν τε γὰρ ἐπιθυμίαν οὐκ ᾔδειν for I had not known even lust. Ep.Rom.7.7.D Position of τε:1 in signf. A, as an enclitic, it stands second word in the sentence, clause, or phrase, regardless of the meaning: ἐγγύθι τε Πριάμοιο καὶ Ἕκτορος near both Priam and Hector, Il.6.317; , cf. 4.505, 7.295; codd., cf. 291 (anap.);ἄνευ τε δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης Hdt.1.69
;ὑπέρ τε σοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς PEnteux.6.6
(iii B.C.); , cf. Ti. 70b; hence in E.Or. 897 πόλεος must be taken with what precedes (Porson ad loc.): but article + noun, preposition + noun are freq. regarded as forming a unity indivisible by τε, τοῖς κτανοῦσί τε A.Ch.41
(lyr.);πρὸς βίαν τε Id.Pr. 210
; also the order is freq. determined by the meaning, τε being placed immediately after the word (or first word of a phrase or clause) which it joins to what precedes or to what follows,πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il.1.544
;ἔξω δόμων τε καὶ πάτρας A.Pr. 665
; the copulative or preparatory τε precedes many other particles, e.g. τε γάρ, τ' ἄρα, τέ τις.2 τε is enclitic in signfs. B, C also, and stands early in its sentence, clause, or phrase (v. supr.), but many particles which follow τε in signf. A precede it in signfs. B, C, e.g. in signfs. B, C we have δέ τε, μέν τε, γάρ τε, ἀλλά τε, δ' ἄρα τε, ὅς ῥά τε, οὔτ' ἄρ τε, καὶ γάρ τίς τε, ὅς τίς τε, καί τε. -
4 कुलम् _kulam
कुलम् 1 A race, family; निदानमिक्ष्वाकुकुलस्य संततेः R.3.1.-2 The residence of a family, a seat, house, an abode; ददर्श धीमान्स कपिः कुलानि Rām.5.5.1; वसन्नृषि- कुलेषु सः R.12.25.-3 A high or noble family, noble descent; कुले जन्म Pt.5.2; कुलशीलसमन्वितः Ms.7.54,62; so कुलजा, कुलकन्यका &c.-4 A herd, troop, flock; collec- tion, multitude; मृगकुलं रोमन्थमभ्यस्यतु Ś.2.6; U.2.9; अलिकुलसंकुल Gīt.1; Śi.9.71; so गो˚, कृमि˚, महिषी˚ &c.-5 A lot, gang. band (in a bad sense).-6 A country.-7 The body.-8 The front or fore part.-9 A tribe, caste, community.-1 A blue stone.-लः The head of a guild or corporation.-ला See कुलतिथि.-Comp. -अकुल a.1 of a mixed character or origin.-2 middling. ˚तिथिः m., f. the second, sixth, and the tenth lunar days of a fort-night in a month. ˚नक्षत्रम् N. of the lunar mansions आर्द्रा, मूला, अभिजित् and शतभिषा. ˚वारः Wednes- day.-अङ्कुरः the scion of a family; अनेन कस्यापि कुला- ङ्कुरेण स्पृष्टस्य गात्रेषु सुखं ममैवम् Ś.7.19.-अङ्गना a respect- able or high born (chaste) woman.-अङ्गारः a man who ruins his family; Pt.4.-अचलः, -अद्रिः, -पर्वतः, -शैलः a principal mountain, one of a class of seven mountains which are supposed to exist in each division of the continent; their names are:-- महेन्द्रो मलयः सह्यः शुक्तिमान् ऋक्षपर्वतः । विन्ध्यश्च पारियात्रश्च सप्तैते कुलपर्वताः ॥-अन्वित a. born in a noble family.-अभिमानः family pride.-अभिमानिन् a. proud of birth or family descent; कुलाभिमानी कुलजां नराधिपः Ki.1.31.-आख्या family-name, surname; कुलाख्या लोके गोत्रावयवा इत्युच्यन्ते Mbh. on P.IV. 1.79.-आचारः, -कर्मन् n.,-धर्मः a duty or custom peculiar to a family or caste.-आचार्यः, -गुरुः 1 a family priest or teacher.-2 a geneologist.-आधारकः a son.-आपीडः, -शेखरः the glory of a family; तस्मिन्कुलापीडनिभे निपीडं सम्यग्महीं शासति शासनाङ्काम् R.18. 29.-आलम्बिन् a. maintaining a family. वरमेकः कुलालम्बी यत्र विश्रूयते पिता H.-ईश्वरः 1 the chief of a family.-2 N. of Śiva. (-रा) N. of Durgā.-उत्कट, a. high born. (-टः) a horse of a good breed.-उत्पन्न, उद्गत, -उद्भव a. sprung from a noble family, high- born; आमात्यमुख्यं धर्मज्ञं प्राज्ञं दान्तं कुलोद्भवम् Ms.7.141.-उद्वहः the head or perpetuator of a family; see उद्वह.-उपदेशः a family name.-कज्जलः one who is a dis- grace to his family.-कण्टकः one who is a thorn or trouble to his family.-कन्यका, -कन्या a girl of high birth; विशुद्धमुग्धः कुलकन्यकाजनः Māl.7.1; गृहे गृहे पुरुषाः कुलकन्यकाः समुद्वहन्ति Māl.7.-करः, -कर्तृ m. the founder of a family.-करणिः A hereditary clerk or officer; E.I.XV.91.-कलङ्कः one who is a disgrace to his family.-कलङ्कितः a. causing disgrace to a family; न चाप्यहं गमिष्यामि कथां कुलकलङ्किताम् Ks.22.216.-क्षयः 1 ruin of a family.-2 extinction of a family; कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् Bg.1.39,4.-गरिमा m. family pride or dignity.-गिरिः, -भूभृत् m.,-पर्वतः, -शैलः see कुलाचल above.-गृहम् a noble house; पर्याकुलं कुलगृहे$पि कृतं वधूनाम् Ṛs.6.21.-घ्न a. ruining a family; दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानाम् Bg.1.43.-ज, -जात a.1 well-born, of high brith; प्रदाने हि मुनिश्रेष्ठ कुलं निरवशेषतः । वक्तव्यं कुलजातेन तन्नि- बोध महामते ॥ Rām.1.71.2.-2 ancestral, hereditary; Ki.1.31 (used in both senses).-जनः a high-born or distinguished person.-जाया a. high-born lady; कुलजाया सा जाया केवलजाया तु केवलं माया Udb.-तन्तुः one who continues or perpetuates a family.-तिथिः m., f. an important lunar day, viz:-- the 4th, 8th, 12th or 14th of a lunar fort-night.-तिलकः the glory of a family, one who does honour to his family.-दीपः, -दीपकः the glory of a family.-दुहितृ f. also कुलपुत्री; cf. P.VI. 3.7, Vārt.9; see कुलकन्या.-दूषण a. disgracing one's family; Mk.-देवता a tutelary deity; the guardian deity of a family; तामर्चिताभ्यः कुलदेवताभ्यः कुलप्रतिष्ठां प्रणमय्य माता Ku.7.27.-धन a. one whose wealth is the preserva- tion of the good name of the family; कष्टो जनः कुलधनैरनुर- ञ्जनीयः U.1.14. (-नम्) the dearest and most valued treasure of the family; इक्ष्वाकूणां कुलधनमिदं यत्समाराधनीयः U.7.6.-धर्मः a family custom, a duty or custom peculiar to a family; उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन Bg. 1.44; Ms.1.118;8.14.-धारकः a son.-धुर्यः (a son) able to support a family, a grown-up son; न हि सति कुलधुर्ये सूर्यवंश्या गृहाय R.7.71.-नन्दन a. gladdening or doing honour to a family.-नायिका a girl worshipped at the celebration of the orgies of the left- hand Śāktas.-नारी a high bred and virtuous woman.-नाशः 1 ruin or extinction of a family.-2 an apost- ate, reprobate, outcast.-3 a camel.-नाशनम् condu- cive to the extinction of the family; मुसलं कुलनाशनम् Mb.-परंपरा the series of generations comprising a race.-पतिः 1 the head or chief of a family.-2 a sage who feeds and teaches 1, pupils; thus defined:- मुनीनां दशसाहस्रं यो$न्नदानादिपोषणात् । अध्यापयति विप्रर्षिरसौ कुलपतिः स्मृतः ॥ अपि नाम कुलपतेरियमसवर्णक्षेत्रसंभवा स्यात् Ś.1; R.1.95; U.3.48.-3 The head-servant (Gīrvāṇa); Bhāg.5.18.1.-4 N. of Kṛiṣṇa; कुन्दस्रजः कुलपतेरिह वाति गन्धः Bhāg.1.3.11.-पांसन a. one who dis- graces one's family; इत्युक्तः स खलः पापो भोजानां कुलपांसनः Bhāg.19.1.35.-पांसुका a woman disgracing her family, an unchaste woman.-पालकम् an orange.-पालिः, -पालिका, -पाली f. a chaste or high-born woman.-पुत्रः a nobly-born youth; इह सर्वस्वफलिनः कुलपुत्रमहाद्रुमाः Mk.4.1.-पुत्री (See-दुहितृ).-पुरुषः 1 a respectable or high-born man; कुश्चुम्बति कुलपुरुषो वेश्याधरपल्लवं मनोज्ञमपि Bh.1.59.-2 an ancestor.-पूर्वगः (कः) an ancestor. तवापि सुमहाभागे जनेन्द्रकुलपूर्वकम् (v. l. जनेन्द्राः कुलपूर्वगाः) Rām.2.73.24.-भरः (कुलंभरः)1 One who maintains the family.-बीजः the head or chief of a guild.-भार्या a virtuous wife.-भृत्या the nursing of a pregnant woman.-मर्यादा family honour or respectability.-मार्गः 1 a family custom, the best way or the way of honesty.-2 the doctrine of the Kaulas (कौलमार्ग).-योषित्, -वधू f. a woman of good family and character. त्यागिनां कुलयोषिताम् Ms.3.245; ब्रूते ब्रूते व्रजकुलवधूः कापि साध्वी ममाग्रे Udb.-लक्षणम् The characteristics of a noble family; आचारो विनयो विद्या प्रतिष्ठा तीर्थदर्शनम् । निष्ठा वृत्तिस्तपो दानं नवधा कुललक्षणम् ॥-वारः a principal day; (i. e. Tuesday and Friday).-विद्या 1 knowledge handed down in a family, traditional knowledge.-2 one of the three आन्वीक्षिकी lores.-विप्रः a family-priest.-वृद्धः an old and experienced member of a family.-व्रतः, -तम् a family vow; गलितवयसामिक्ष्वाकूणामिदं हि कुलव्रतम् R.3.7; विश्वस्मिन्नधुना$न्यः कुलव्रतं पालयिष्यति कः Bv.1.13.-शीलम् character or conduct honourable to a family.-श्रेष्ठिन् a. well-born, of a good family. (-m.)1 the chief of a family or a guild.-2 an artisan of noble birth.-संख्या 1 family-respectability.-2 inclusion among respectable families; कुलसंख्यां च गच्छन्ति कर्षन्ति च महायशः Ms.3.66.-संततिः f. posterity, descendants, continuation of a lineage; दिवं गतानि विप्राणामकृत्वा कुलसंततिम् Ms.5.159.-सन्निधिः m. the presence of witnesses; Ms.8.194,21.-संभवः a. of a respectable family.-सेवकः an excel- lent servant.-स्त्री a woman of good family, a noble woman; अधर्माभिभवात् कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः Bg.1.41.-स्थितिः f.1 antiquity or prosperity of a family-2 family observance or custom; U.5.23. -
5 común
adj.1 common, average, ordinary, commonplace.2 common, regular, everyday, usual.3 common, joint, general, group.* * *► adjetivo1 (gen) common2 (compartido) shared, communal3 (amigos) mutual1 the community1 PLÍTICA the Commons\fuera de lo común out of the ordinaryhacer algo en común to do something jointlypor lo común generallybien común common goodel común de la gente the majority of people* * *adj.* * *1. ADJ1) (=compartido) [afición, intereses] common; [amigo] mutualtienen una serie de características comunes — they share a series of features, they have a series of common features o features in common
•
común a algn/algo — common to sb/sthlo común a todas las democracias — what all democracies share in common, a feature common to all democracies
2) (=colectivo) [causa, frente, espacio] common; [gastos] communal•
tener algo en común — to have sth in commonsu pasión por el fútbol es lo único que tienen en común — their passion for football is all they have in common
acuerdo 1), bien 4., 2), denominador, fosa, lugar 1), mercado, sentido 2., 1), b)•
hacer algo en común — to do sth together3) (=frecuente) [enfermedad, opinión] common, widespread; [costumbre] widespread; [cualidad] common, ordinary•
fuera de lo común — exceptional, extraordinarytiene una voz única, algo fuera de lo común — she has a unique voice, quite exceptional o extraordinary
delincuente, nombre 2)•
por lo común — as a rule4) Esp (Educ) [asignatura] core2. SM1)el común de los mortales — ordinary mortals, any ordinary person
2) * (=retrete) toilet, bathroom3) (Pol) [en el Reino Unido]* * *1)a) <intereses/características> common (before n); < amigo> mutualb) (en locs)en común: no tenemos nada en común we have nothing in common; una cuenta bancaria en común a joint bank account; le hicimos un regalo en común we gave her a joint present; hicieron el trabajo en común they did the work together; no está acostumbrada a la vida en común con otras personas — she is not used to living with other people
2) (corriente, frecuente) commoncomún y corriente — (normal, nada especial) ordinary; < expresión> common
es una casa común y corriente — it's just an ordinary house, the house is nothing special
* * *= commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], popular, run-of-the-mill, shared, standard, ubiquitous, collective, crosscutting [cross cutting], pooled, concerted, everyday, pervading, ordinary, communal, prosaic.Ex. Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.Ex. When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.Ex. Although the fifteenth edition met with some success, it was not generally popular.Ex. Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.Ex. A work of shared responsibility is one where the work has arisen from collaboration between two or more persons or corporative bodies.Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex. Worldwide, however, the printed book is still the most ubiquitous source of record = Sin embargo, el libro impreso es aún en todo el mundo la fuente de información escrita más común.Ex. 'I'm really not trying to put anyone on the spot and, frankly, I'm not too surprised and only a little disappointed at your collective ignorance,' he commented.Ex. The plan comprises over twenty projects addressing the partnership's three priority themes -- access, empowerment and governance -- and four crosscutting issues -- youth, the media, gender and local (community-based) knowledge.Ex. A group of 64 libraries realised substantial cost reductions by joining in a pooled fund to self-insure for unemployment compensation.Ex. There is an obvious need for a concerted and deliberate study of US information policy-making.Ex. We have too much invested, and the new systems too intimately integrated into the everyday operation of the library, for us to assume any longer that we can temper their influence on emerging standards.Ex. While not addressing specific issues the rejoinder focuses on a few pervading themes.Ex. Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.Ex. Excavation in Qumran suggests that the people were organised on a highly communal basis and adept in the art of pottery and bookmaking.Ex. Take the prosaic problem of the great department store.----* aura común = turkey vulture.* auxiliar común = common auxiliary.* bien común, el = common good, the, common wealth, the.* calderón común = pilot whale.* Cámara de los Comunes, la = House of Commons, the.* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.* común, lo = standard practice, the.* común y corriente = unremarkable.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.* creencia común = common belief.* demasiado poco común = all too rare.* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).* denominador común = common thread.* en común con = in common with.* encontrar cosas comunes = find + common ground.* enfermedad poco común = rare disease.* espacio público común = commons.* experiencia profesional común = pool of expertise.* faceta común = common facet.* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.* fondo común de inversión = mutual fund.* fosa común = mass grave.* fuera de lo común = eccentric, odd, unordinary, out of the ordinary, a cut above the rest, a cut above.* gente común, la = ordinary people, common people, the.* gente común y corriente, la = common people, the.* hacer un frente común = stand up as + one.* harina común = all-purpose flour, plain flour.* interés común = shared interest.* intereses comunes = community of interest.* lechuza común = barn owl.* Lenguaje Común de Instrucción de EURONET = EURONET Common Command Language.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.* lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.* más común = mainstream.* Mercado Común, el = Common Market, the.* nombre común = common name.* normas comunes = standard practices.* palabra común = common word.* persona común = ordinary person.* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* práctica común = common practice.* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.* proyecto en común = joint effort.* puntos comunes = common ground.* que era común anteriormente = once-common.* que fue común antes = once-common.* qué poco común = how odd.* resfriado común, el = common cold, the.* rorcual común = fin whale.* salón común = common room.* sentido común = common sense, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.* ser algo común = be a fact of life, dominate + the scene, become + a common feature, be a part of life.* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.* ser común = be the case (with).* ser demasiado común = be all too common.* subdivisión común = common subdivision.* subencabezamiento común = free-floating subdivision.* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.* tener características en común = share + similarities.* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.* título común = common title.* trabajar en común = interwork, pull together.* trabajo en común = interworking.* * *1)a) <intereses/características> common (before n); < amigo> mutualb) (en locs)en común: no tenemos nada en común we have nothing in common; una cuenta bancaria en común a joint bank account; le hicimos un regalo en común we gave her a joint present; hicieron el trabajo en común they did the work together; no está acostumbrada a la vida en común con otras personas — she is not used to living with other people
2) (corriente, frecuente) commoncomún y corriente — (normal, nada especial) ordinary; < expresión> common
es una casa común y corriente — it's just an ordinary house, the house is nothing special
* * *= commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], popular, run-of-the-mill, shared, standard, ubiquitous, collective, crosscutting [cross cutting], pooled, concerted, everyday, pervading, ordinary, communal, prosaic.Ex: Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.
Ex: When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.Ex: Although the fifteenth edition met with some success, it was not generally popular.Ex: Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.Ex: A work of shared responsibility is one where the work has arisen from collaboration between two or more persons or corporative bodies.Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex: Worldwide, however, the printed book is still the most ubiquitous source of record = Sin embargo, el libro impreso es aún en todo el mundo la fuente de información escrita más común.Ex: 'I'm really not trying to put anyone on the spot and, frankly, I'm not too surprised and only a little disappointed at your collective ignorance,' he commented.Ex: The plan comprises over twenty projects addressing the partnership's three priority themes -- access, empowerment and governance -- and four crosscutting issues -- youth, the media, gender and local (community-based) knowledge.Ex: A group of 64 libraries realised substantial cost reductions by joining in a pooled fund to self-insure for unemployment compensation.Ex: There is an obvious need for a concerted and deliberate study of US information policy-making.Ex: We have too much invested, and the new systems too intimately integrated into the everyday operation of the library, for us to assume any longer that we can temper their influence on emerging standards.Ex: While not addressing specific issues the rejoinder focuses on a few pervading themes.Ex: Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.Ex: Excavation in Qumran suggests that the people were organised on a highly communal basis and adept in the art of pottery and bookmaking.Ex: Take the prosaic problem of the great department store.* aura común = turkey vulture.* auxiliar común = common auxiliary.* bien común, el = common good, the, common wealth, the.* calderón común = pilot whale.* Cámara de los Comunes, la = House of Commons, the.* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.* común, lo = standard practice, the.* común y corriente = unremarkable.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.* creencia común = common belief.* demasiado poco común = all too rare.* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).* denominador común = common thread.* en común con = in common with.* encontrar cosas comunes = find + common ground.* enfermedad poco común = rare disease.* espacio público común = commons.* experiencia profesional común = pool of expertise.* faceta común = common facet.* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.* fondo común de inversión = mutual fund.* fosa común = mass grave.* fuera de lo común = eccentric, odd, unordinary, out of the ordinary, a cut above the rest, a cut above.* gente común, la = ordinary people, common people, the.* gente común y corriente, la = common people, the.* hacer un frente común = stand up as + one.* harina común = all-purpose flour, plain flour.* interés común = shared interest.* intereses comunes = community of interest.* lechuza común = barn owl.* Lenguaje Común de Instrucción de EURONET = EURONET Common Command Language.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.* lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.* más común = mainstream.* Mercado Común, el = Common Market, the.* nombre común = common name.* normas comunes = standard practices.* palabra común = common word.* persona común = ordinary person.* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* práctica común = common practice.* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.* proyecto en común = joint effort.* puntos comunes = common ground.* que era común anteriormente = once-common.* que fue común antes = once-common.* qué poco común = how odd.* resfriado común, el = common cold, the.* rorcual común = fin whale.* salón común = common room.* sentido común = common sense, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.* ser algo común = be a fact of life, dominate + the scene, become + a common feature, be a part of life.* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.* ser común = be the case (with).* ser demasiado común = be all too common.* subdivisión común = common subdivision.* subencabezamiento común = free-floating subdivision.* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.* tener características en común = share + similarities.* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.* título común = common title.* trabajar en común = interwork, pull together.* trabajo en común = interworking.* * *A1 ‹intereses/características› common ( before n); ‹amigo› mutualtrabajar por el bien común/un objetivo común to work for the common good/a common objectivecaracterísticas comunes a toda la especie characteristics common to o shared by the whole speciesun sentimiento común a todos los hombres a sentiment shared by all mankind2 ( en locs):de común acuerdo by common consentlo decidimos de común acuerdo ( frml); it was decided by common agreement o consentse separaron de común acuerdo they separated by mutual agreement o common consentla decisión fue tomada de común acuerdo con nuestros aliados the decision was taken in agreement o ( frml) in concert with our alliesen común: tienen una cuenta bancaria en común they have a joint bank accountle hicimos un regalo en común we gave her a joint presentno tengo nada en común con él I have nothing in common with himno está acostumbrada a la vida en común con otras personas she is not used to living with other people o to communal livingB (corriente, frecuente) commonJuan Gómez es un nombre muy común Juan Gómez is a very common nameun modelo fuera de lo común a very unusual modelno es común que un niño sepa leer a esa edad it is unusual for a child to be able to read at that agees común que haya inundaciones en esta zona flooding is frequent o common in this areatiene una inteligencia poco común she is unusually intelligentpor lo común as a ruleuna blusa común y silvestre a fairly ordinary blousemurió como el común de los mortales he died just like any common mortal o ordinary person* * *
común adjetivo
‹ amigo› mutualb) ( en locs)
de común acuerdo con algn in agreement with sb;
en común ‹esfuerzo/regalo› joint ( before n);
no tenemos nada en común we have nothing in common
un modelo fuera de lo común a very unusual model;
común y corriente (normal, nada especial) ordinary
común
I adjetivo
1 (frecuente) common, usual: es poco común, it's unusual
2 (ordinario, corriente) ordinary
3 (compartido) shared, communal: nos une un interés común, we are united by a common interest
II sustantivo masculino GB Pol los Comunes, the Commons
♦ Locuciones: de común acuerdo, by common consent
en común, (conjuntamente) hacer algo en común, to do sthg jointly
(característica compartida) tienen varios rasgos en común, they have several characteristics in common
por lo común, generally
' común' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acuerdo
- baja
- bajo
- cabeza
- contraponer
- convivencia
- corriente
- dato
- denominador
- despertarse
- fondo
- fosa
- irse
- juicio
- llevar
- múltipla
- múltiplo
- permitirse
- rara
- raro
- sentar
- sentida
- sentido
- soler
- tela
- tópica
- tópico
- única
- único
- uniforme
- unitaria
- unitario
- vista
- visto
- vulgar
- delincuente
- imponer
- mercado
- norma
- peculiar
- rareza
- tino
English:
appeal
- base
- cause
- common
- common denominator
- common sense
- commonplace
- crane
- cure
- deserve
- enjoy
- gumption
- in
- intend
- iota
- jointly
- kitty
- mass grave
- modicum
- mutual
- ordinary
- original
- partnership
- pool
- prevalent
- rank
- reason
- run-of-the-mill
- sense
- stand out
- uncommon
- unusual
- cliché
- communal
- consent
- garden
- house
- lowest common denominator
- ounce
- plain
- platitude
- rarity
- run
- share
* * *♦ adj1. [compartido] [amigo, interés] mutual;[bienes, pastos] communal;el bien común the common good;el motociclismo es nuestra afición común we both like motorcycling;¿cómo llevan la vida en común? how are they finding living together?;hacer algo en común to do sth together;hacer algo de común acuerdo to do sth by mutual consent o agreement;es un rasgo común a todos los reptiles it's a characteristic shared by o common to all reptiles;pusimos nuestros recursos en común we pooled our resources;realizaron una puesta en común de lo observado they pooled their observations;tener algo en común to have sth in common;no tengo nada en común con ella I have nothing in common with her2. [habitual, normal] common;una enfermedad muy común en regiones tropicales a disease very common in tropical regions;es común que llueva en primavera it's normal for it to rain in spring, it often rains in spring;fuera de lo común out of the ordinary;poco común unusual;por lo común generally;es una persona común y corriente he's a perfectly ordinary person3. [ordinario, vulgar] ordinary, average;un vino común an average o ordinary wine;una madera común a common type of wood♦ nmcomo el común de los mortales like any ordinary person o common mortal* * *I adj common;poco común unusual, rare;por lo común generally;en común in common;tener algo en común have sth in commonII m:el común de las gentes the common man* * *1) : common2)común y corriente : ordinary, regular3)por lo común : generally, as a rule* * *común adj1. (en general) commonel naranjo es un árbol muy común en la zona mediterránea orange trees are very common in the Mediterranean area2. (compartido) shared -
6 НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
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[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
The switchboards which take constructional precautions suitable to the containment of the arc and to the successive outlet of the exhausted gases belong to this type of assemblies.
Two are the peculiar characteristics of these types of switchgear:
• reinforced mechanical frame able to withstand the stresses (overpressures) caused by internal arcing;
• creation inside the assembly of a preferential path for the discharge of the hot gases generated by arcing.
Both characteristics are indispensable to satisfy the safety requirements for the operator and the installation established by the Document IEC 61641.
As a consequence, the manufacturers take design measures to prevent the accidental opening of the doors (or their perforation) due to the pressure wave generated by the arc.
Besides, also the instruments which can be positioned on the doors must be able to withstand an overpressure of about 1bar (=1kg/cm2) without being ejected and projected outside the switchboard.
The thermal consequences of arcing (exhausted gases at high temperature) are then limited by designing the inside of the switchgear so that the outlet of gases takes place in the top part (over 2 m) and not at lower heights which might be potentially dangerous for the operator.
It is evident that each opening of significant dimensions on the doors might constitute a vent for the gases and result dangerous for the operator; therefore such openings are usually avoided in this type of switchgear.
[ABB]НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги (пассивная защита)
К данному типу НКУ относятся такие устройства, конструкция которых предусматривает противостояние механическому воздействию электрической дуги и обеспечивает выхлоп образующихся газов.
В НКУ указанного типа используются два специальных конструктивных решения:
• усиленный каркас, способный противостоять нагрузке (избыточному давлению) возникающему при воздействии электрической дуги внутри НКУ;
• установленный внутри НКУ периферийный канала для выпуска горячих газов, образующихся в процессе горения дуги.
Согласно документу МЭК 61641 для удовлетворения требований безопасности оператора и электроустановки наличие обоих конструктивных решений является обязательным условием.
В результате изготовители используют конструктивные решения, направленные на предотвращение случайного открытия дверей (или их отверстий) при возникновении волны избыточного давления создаваемого электрической дугой.
Кроме того, приборы, размещаемые на дверях должны выдерживать избыточное давление, равное приблизительно 1 бар (1 кг/см2) и оставаться при этом на своих местах (не выдвигаться из комплектного устройства наружу).
Газы, возникающие при горении дуги, имеют высокую температуру.
Конструкция НКУ должна обеспечивать выход газов в верхней части (на высоте более 2 м) и не допускать выход газа в нижней части, поскольку это опасно для оператора.
Совершенно очевидно, что каждое достаточно большое отверстие в дверях шкафа может пропускать газы, и это опасно для оператора.
Поэтому, в НКУ рассматриваемого типа такие отверстия обычно отсутствуют.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
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7 assembly mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc
- НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
-
[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
The switchboards which take constructional precautions suitable to the containment of the arc and to the successive outlet of the exhausted gases belong to this type of assemblies.
Two are the peculiar characteristics of these types of switchgear:
• reinforced mechanical frame able to withstand the stresses (overpressures) caused by internal arcing;
• creation inside the assembly of a preferential path for the discharge of the hot gases generated by arcing.
Both characteristics are indispensable to satisfy the safety requirements for the operator and the installation established by the Document IEC 61641.
As a consequence, the manufacturers take design measures to prevent the accidental opening of the doors (or their perforation) due to the pressure wave generated by the arc.
Besides, also the instruments which can be positioned on the doors must be able to withstand an overpressure of about 1bar (=1kg/cm2) without being ejected and projected outside the switchboard.
The thermal consequences of arcing (exhausted gases at high temperature) are then limited by designing the inside of the switchgear so that the outlet of gases takes place in the top part (over 2 m) and not at lower heights which might be potentially dangerous for the operator.
It is evident that each opening of significant dimensions on the doors might constitute a vent for the gases and result dangerous for the operator; therefore such openings are usually avoided in this type of switchgear.
[ABB]НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги (пассивная защита)
К данному типу НКУ относятся такие устройства, конструкция которых предусматривает противостояние механическому воздействию электрической дуги и обеспечивает выхлоп образующихся газов.
В НКУ указанного типа используются два специальных конструктивных решения:
• усиленный каркас, способный противостоять нагрузке (избыточному давлению) возникающему при воздействии электрической дуги внутри НКУ;
• установленный внутри НКУ периферийный канала для выпуска горячих газов, образующихся в процессе горения дуги.
Согласно документу МЭК 61641 для удовлетворения требований безопасности оператора и электроустановки наличие обоих конструктивных решений является обязательным условием.
В результате изготовители используют конструктивные решения, направленные на предотвращение случайного открытия дверей (или их отверстий) при возникновении волны избыточного давления создаваемого электрической дугой.
Кроме того, приборы, размещаемые на дверях должны выдерживать избыточное давление, равное приблизительно 1 бар (1 кг/см2) и оставаться при этом на своих местах (не выдвигаться из комплектного устройства наружу).
Газы, возникающие при горении дуги, имеют высокую температуру.
Конструкция НКУ должна обеспечивать выход газов в верхней части (на высоте более 2 м) и не допускать выход газа в нижней части, поскольку это опасно для оператора.
Совершенно очевидно, что каждое достаточно большое отверстие в дверях шкафа может пропускать газы, и это опасно для оператора.
Поэтому, в НКУ рассматриваемого типа такие отверстия обычно отсутствуют.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > assembly mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc
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8 rasgo
m.1 trait, characteristic.2 act (acto elogiable).3 flourish, stroke (trazo).4 feature, characteristic, features, trait.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: rasgar.* * *2 (facción del rostro) feature3 (peculiaridad) characteristic, feature, trait4 (acto) act, feat\explicar a grandes rasgos to outline, give a general outline of* * *noun m.- rasgos* * *SM1) (Anat) feature2) (=peculiaridad) characteristic, feature3) [con pluma] stroke, flourish4) (=acto)rasgo de generosidad — act of generosity; (=acción noble) noble gesture
rasgo de ingenio — flash of wit, stroke of genius
* * *1)a) ( característica) characteristic, featureb) ( gesto) gesturec) ( de la pluma) stroke; ( en pintura) brushstrokea grandes rasgos — in outline, broadly speaking
* * *= feature, trait, contour, character trait, character.Ex. The features which contribute to UDC's suitability for detailed indexing are particularly valued in special libraries.Ex. The reasonable reader readily sees that most of these traits should be acquired and fostered early in life.Ex. As a result, requesters have turned to the courts to define the contours of public access in the computer age.Ex. Personality theory based on genetics is used to trace inherited character traits in European royalty.Ex. Close attention to the role of the computer specialist reveals more of the character of reference activities.----* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* correspondencia de rasgos = feature matching.* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.* rasgo característico = characteristic feature.* rasgo estilístico = stylistic feature.* * *1)a) ( característica) characteristic, featureb) ( gesto) gesturec) ( de la pluma) stroke; ( en pintura) brushstrokea grandes rasgos — in outline, broadly speaking
* * *= feature, trait, contour, character trait, character.Ex: The features which contribute to UDC's suitability for detailed indexing are particularly valued in special libraries.
Ex: The reasonable reader readily sees that most of these traits should be acquired and fostered early in life.Ex: As a result, requesters have turned to the courts to define the contours of public access in the computer age.Ex: Personality theory based on genetics is used to trace inherited character traits in European royalty.Ex: Close attention to the role of the computer specialist reveals more of the character of reference activities.* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* correspondencia de rasgos = feature matching.* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.* rasgo característico = characteristic feature.* rasgo estilístico = stylistic feature.* * *A1 (característica) characteristic, feature2 (gesto) gesture3 (de la pluma) stroke; (en pintura) brushstrokea grandes rasgos in outline, broadly speaking* * *
Del verbo rasgar: ( conjugate rasgar)
rasgo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
rasgó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
rasgar
rasgo
rasgar ( conjugate rasgar) verbo transitivo
to tear, rip
rasgarse verbo pronominal
to tear, rip
rasgo sustantivo masculino
1
( en pintura) brushstroke;
2
rasgar verbo transitivo
1 (una tela, un papel) to tear, rip
2 (una guitarra, etc) to strum
rasgo sustantivo masculino
1 (trazo) stroke, (con pincel) brush-stroke: nos explicó su proyecto a grandes rasgos, he gave us a broad outline of his project
2 (aspecto distintivo) characteristic, feature: la seriedad es uno de los rasgos de su carácter, one of his outstanding characteristics is his seriousness
3 (gesto) gesture: fue un rasgo de valentía, it was a brave gesture
4 (del rostro) feature
(facciones) rasgos, features pl
' rasgo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
nota
- aspecto
- característica
- distintivo
- peculiar
English:
characteristic
- feature
- rip
- trait
- peculiarity
* * *rasgo nm1. [característica] trait, characteristic2. [del rostro] feature;tiene un rostro de rasgos asiáticos he has Asian features3. [acto elogiable] act4. [trazo] flourish, stroke5.explicar algo a grandes rasgos to outline sth* * *m feature;a grandes rasgos broadly speaking* * *rasgo nm1) : stroke (of a pen)a grandes rasgos: in broad outlines2) característica: trait, characteristic3) : gesture, deed4) rasgos nmplfacciones: features* * *rasgo n1. (facción) feature2. (peculiaridad) characteristic -
9 power center
главный распределительный щит (ГРЩ)
Распределительный щит, через который снабжается электроэнергией все здание или его обособленная часть. Роль ГРЩ может выполнять ВРУ или щит низкого напряжения подстанции.
[ПУЭ]
главный распределительный щит
Электрощит в здании, обеспечивающий распределение энергии между подключенными к нему нагрузками и включение аварийных систем при падении напряжения.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 3-99 ( МЭК 60439-3-90)]
[ ГОСТ Р 50571.28-2006]EN
main distribution board
board in the building which fulfils all the functions of a main electrical distribution for the supply building area assigned to it and where the voltage drop is measured for operating the safety services
[IEC 60364-7-710, ed. 1.0 (2002-11)]FR
tableau général de distribution
tableau de distribution dans le bâtiment remplissant toutes les fonctions d’un tableau général de distribution pour l’alimentation de la zone qui lui est dédiée et où la chute de tension est mesurée pour le fonctionnement des services de sécurité
[IEC 60364-7-710, ed. 1.0 (2002-11)]
Главный распределительный щит (ГРЩ) на ток 6300 А
[http://www.uzoelectro.ru/catalogue/group-383/product-36465/ ]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
- электроснабжение в целом
- электроустановки
Синонимы
EN
- feeder switchboard
- m.s.b.
- main distributing frame
- main distribution board
- main distribution switchboard
- Main Low Voltage Switchboard
- main low-voltage distribution switchboard
- main switchboard
- MLVS
- MSB
- power center
FR
комплектное устройство первичного распределения электроэнергии
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[Интент]
Рис. ABBПараллельные тексты EN-RU
They are usually installed on the load side of MV/LV transformers or generators.
These assemblies include one or more incoming units, bus ties and a relatively reduced number of outgoing units.
There are also present measuring instruments and other switching and control equipment.
These assemblies have a sturdy structure to withstand the electrodynamic stresses and the weight of big sized apparatus.
As a matter of fact peculiar characteristics of the power center are high rated currents and shortcircuit currents.
The constructional type is a cubicle structure, with metal enclosure and sections divided into compartments with selective access.
[ABB]Такие устройства обычно подключают на стороне нагрузки СВ/НВ трансформаторов или генераторов.
В их состав входят один или несколько блоков ввода, шины и относительно небольшое число блоков вывода.
В состав комплектного устройства первичного распределения электроэнергии входят также измерительные приборы, коммутационные устройства и средства контроля состояния.
Данные комплектные устройства имеют прочную конструкцию, способную выдерживать электродинамическое действие токов и вес крупногабаритной аппаратуры.
Центры распределения электроэнергии характеризуются высокими номинальным током и током короткого замыкания.
С точки зрения конструктивного исполнения они представляют собой многошкафное комплектное устройство в металлической оболочке, состоящее из секций, каждая из которых разделена на отсеки с независимым доступом.
[Перевод Интент]Safety enclosed boards are used for most new installations. Common terms used to designate equipment of this type are metal-enclosed switchgear and metal-clad switchgear.
Most safety enclosed boards are of the unit or sectional type. They consist of a combination of the desired number and type of standardized unit sections.
Each section is a standard factory-assembled combination of a formed steel panel and apparatus mounted on a steel framework.
Safety enclosed switchgear may be classified with respect to purpose of application as follows:
1. General medium- or high-voltage switchgear
2. Primary unit substations
3. Rectifier unit substations
4. Secondary unit substations or power centers
5. General low-voltage switchgear
6. Low-voltage distribution switchboards
7. Motor-control-center switchboards
[American electricians’ handbook]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
- комплектное распред. устройство (КРУ)
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > power center
См. также в других словарях:
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Plato: metaphysics and epistemology — Robert Heinaman METAPHYSICS The Theory of Forms Generality is the problematic feature of the world that led to the development of Plato’s Theory of Forms and the epistemological views associated with it.1 This pervasive fact of generality appears … History of philosophy
drug — drug1 /drug/, n., v., drugged, drugging. n. 1. Pharm. a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well being. 2. (in federal law) a. any substance… … Universalium
Drug — /droog/, n. Zoroastrianism. the cosmic principle of disorder and falsehood. Cf. Asha. [ < Avestan drauga] * * * I Any chemical agent that affects the function of living things. Some, including antibiotics, stimulants, tranquilizers,… … Universalium
LINGUISTIC LITERATURE, HEBREW — This article is arranged according to the following outline: introduction foreword the beginning of linguistic literature linguistic literature and its background the development of linguistic literature Foreword: A Well Defined Unit the four… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
UNITED STATES LITERATURE — The Influence of the Bible and Hebrew Culture The Jewish influence on American literary expression predated the actual arrival of Jews in the United States in 1654, for the Puritan culture of New England was marked from the outset by a deep… … Encyclopedia of Judaism